Zeitschrift
archithese 2.2015
Architektur und Soziologie
The evolution of architecture in the 20th century can be read as a history of alliances. Associations like the Werkbund, CIAM, Team 10 or the Texas Rangers acted as reform movements with a political or pedagogical agenda to spread their ideas – and finally also push them through – with the joint force of the collective. Our young millennium currently sees a renaissance of collaborative concepts and the establishment of unprecedented networks facilitated and expedited by digitalization and globalization. Can traditional structures still keep pace with these developments?
What is the general framework of these new collectives – open community, secret society or lobbyism? It is time to take a look under the surface and explore the mechanisms of these associations. How do they work, what keeps them together, and what powers them?
The recent crisis has thrown the architectural profession into economic and professional angst, and one could see a parallel in this to the previous century. Might it be that this uncertainty has led the architect – the great individualist – back into the collective? Isn’t the main purpose of alliances protection? But against whom?
The present issue of archithese examines these underlying structures of architecture on various levels. Architects like Max Bill, Le Corbusier or Esther McCoy developed their own strategies for reaching their goals and operated from their own networks. While Bill entered parliament as a politician to directly inject his idea of environmental design into the political discourse – a commitment that is rare amongst designers up to today – Le Corbusier’s upbringing in a Masonic milieu significantly expedited his career. Even today, some architects’ careers would not have come very far without a certain amount of external support, just think of SuperDutch or New Wave Denmark. In retrospect, many heroes of the American scene owe their legendary reputation to the architect and writer Esther McCoy, who, despite her achievements, has been largely forgotten by architectural historiography.
A fate similar to that of the young generation of contemporary architects in Southern Europe, who are already being called the „lost generation“. The dramatic slump of the Spanish and also the Italian construction industry has forced young architects, most of all, to question the traditional idea of the egomaniac artist-architect and to find new definitions as agents of society with social competence and community spirit. They thereby rediscover long-forgotten potential and areas for themselves and know how to make creative use of the possibilities of the 21st century to digitally connect and organize collective projects. But how does politics react to this new situation? While architectural associations used to mainly promote the interests of their members, they now for the first time in history face serious competition in the form of architectural trade unions in countries like Denmark or Spain. May it be that the profession felt their interests weren’t sufficiently represented anymore? Have the associations become tools of the economy and the construction industry?
A classic example of successful lobbyism can be found in the strategic methods of the Hamburg-based corporation ECE with its foundation „Stiftung Lebendige Stadt“ (Foundation for a Living City) for the major project MILANEO on the Stuttgart 21 area. The fusion of economy and politics achieves a certain blur here. And thus the economic lust for profit dominates the public good – which should customarily be protected by politics – thereby turning the city into prey. Lobbyism is no longer a pariah; it has become part of the establishment. We can at present already observe the emergence of new forms of dependencies, for example in the area of copyright legislation for new contracting forms like the Australian Project Alliance or in the transferral of estate archives, as is the case with the Barragán archives. So, what is the current state of the profession? – The time has come for new alliances.
The Editors
10 In welcher Gesellschaft leben wir ? Architektonische Modi der kollektiven Existenz | Heike Delitz
18 Für eine transdisziplinäre Erforschung der urbanen Wirklichkeit. Christian Schmid im Gespräch mit Jørg Himmelreich und Andrea Wiegelmann
26 Das Gebaute als handelndes Objekt ? Was kann Architektursoziologie für die Architektur leisten? | Stephanie Kernich
32 Alle unter einem Dach. Herzog & de Meuron, Arena do Morro, Natal / Brasilien | Gustavo Hiriart
40 Vom Gemeinschaftstraum zum Wunschraum. Zur synergetischen Partizipation der jungen Zürcher Genossenschaftsprojekte | Andreas Hofer und Margarete von Lupin
46 Crossbenching? Critical reflection on the practice of participation | Markus Miessen
52 Urbanity in a Box. Müller Sigrist Architekten, Housing and commercial project Kalkbreite, Zurich | Suzanne Song
60 Geld regiert den Raum. Über das räumliche und architektonische Potenzial alternativer Währungen | Stefanie B. Overbeck
66 Die Stadt der Unbekannten. Die Organisation des Nebeneinanders | Dirk Baecker
72 Wie Spazieren Wissen schafft. Über die Spaziergangswissenschaft nach Lucius und Annemarie Burckhardt | Reto Bürgin und Aline Schoch
80 Direkter Urbanismus. Städtische Planung als offener Prozess | Barbara Holub und Paul Rajakovics
88 Ideologiekritik der modernen Architektur. Die Bauten der Nachkriegszeit im Kreuzfeuer der Disziplinen | Angelika Schnell
96 Die Stadt, der Mensch und das Design. Zum sozialen Planungsverständnis von Lucius Burckhardt | Matthias Drilling und Stephanie Weiss
RUBRIKEN
102 Im Gespräch. 8 Positionen zur Schweizer Architektur. Rezension von Constanze Nobs und Andrea Wiegelmann
104 Premium Brands Online
105 Neues aus der Industrie
112 Vorschau und Impressum
What is the general framework of these new collectives – open community, secret society or lobbyism? It is time to take a look under the surface and explore the mechanisms of these associations. How do they work, what keeps them together, and what powers them?
The recent crisis has thrown the architectural profession into economic and professional angst, and one could see a parallel in this to the previous century. Might it be that this uncertainty has led the architect – the great individualist – back into the collective? Isn’t the main purpose of alliances protection? But against whom?
The present issue of archithese examines these underlying structures of architecture on various levels. Architects like Max Bill, Le Corbusier or Esther McCoy developed their own strategies for reaching their goals and operated from their own networks. While Bill entered parliament as a politician to directly inject his idea of environmental design into the political discourse – a commitment that is rare amongst designers up to today – Le Corbusier’s upbringing in a Masonic milieu significantly expedited his career. Even today, some architects’ careers would not have come very far without a certain amount of external support, just think of SuperDutch or New Wave Denmark. In retrospect, many heroes of the American scene owe their legendary reputation to the architect and writer Esther McCoy, who, despite her achievements, has been largely forgotten by architectural historiography.
A fate similar to that of the young generation of contemporary architects in Southern Europe, who are already being called the „lost generation“. The dramatic slump of the Spanish and also the Italian construction industry has forced young architects, most of all, to question the traditional idea of the egomaniac artist-architect and to find new definitions as agents of society with social competence and community spirit. They thereby rediscover long-forgotten potential and areas for themselves and know how to make creative use of the possibilities of the 21st century to digitally connect and organize collective projects. But how does politics react to this new situation? While architectural associations used to mainly promote the interests of their members, they now for the first time in history face serious competition in the form of architectural trade unions in countries like Denmark or Spain. May it be that the profession felt their interests weren’t sufficiently represented anymore? Have the associations become tools of the economy and the construction industry?
A classic example of successful lobbyism can be found in the strategic methods of the Hamburg-based corporation ECE with its foundation „Stiftung Lebendige Stadt“ (Foundation for a Living City) for the major project MILANEO on the Stuttgart 21 area. The fusion of economy and politics achieves a certain blur here. And thus the economic lust for profit dominates the public good – which should customarily be protected by politics – thereby turning the city into prey. Lobbyism is no longer a pariah; it has become part of the establishment. We can at present already observe the emergence of new forms of dependencies, for example in the area of copyright legislation for new contracting forms like the Australian Project Alliance or in the transferral of estate archives, as is the case with the Barragán archives. So, what is the current state of the profession? – The time has come for new alliances.
The Editors
10 In welcher Gesellschaft leben wir ? Architektonische Modi der kollektiven Existenz | Heike Delitz
18 Für eine transdisziplinäre Erforschung der urbanen Wirklichkeit. Christian Schmid im Gespräch mit Jørg Himmelreich und Andrea Wiegelmann
26 Das Gebaute als handelndes Objekt ? Was kann Architektursoziologie für die Architektur leisten? | Stephanie Kernich
32 Alle unter einem Dach. Herzog & de Meuron, Arena do Morro, Natal / Brasilien | Gustavo Hiriart
40 Vom Gemeinschaftstraum zum Wunschraum. Zur synergetischen Partizipation der jungen Zürcher Genossenschaftsprojekte | Andreas Hofer und Margarete von Lupin
46 Crossbenching? Critical reflection on the practice of participation | Markus Miessen
52 Urbanity in a Box. Müller Sigrist Architekten, Housing and commercial project Kalkbreite, Zurich | Suzanne Song
60 Geld regiert den Raum. Über das räumliche und architektonische Potenzial alternativer Währungen | Stefanie B. Overbeck
66 Die Stadt der Unbekannten. Die Organisation des Nebeneinanders | Dirk Baecker
72 Wie Spazieren Wissen schafft. Über die Spaziergangswissenschaft nach Lucius und Annemarie Burckhardt | Reto Bürgin und Aline Schoch
80 Direkter Urbanismus. Städtische Planung als offener Prozess | Barbara Holub und Paul Rajakovics
88 Ideologiekritik der modernen Architektur. Die Bauten der Nachkriegszeit im Kreuzfeuer der Disziplinen | Angelika Schnell
96 Die Stadt, der Mensch und das Design. Zum sozialen Planungsverständnis von Lucius Burckhardt | Matthias Drilling und Stephanie Weiss
RUBRIKEN
102 Im Gespräch. 8 Positionen zur Schweizer Architektur. Rezension von Constanze Nobs und Andrea Wiegelmann
104 Premium Brands Online
105 Neues aus der Industrie
112 Vorschau und Impressum
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